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Re: Herpes. Hah hah hah.
urmom Wed Jul 09, 2008 6:48 am
Lol. You're not discussing shit. Pay attention to the topic.
urmom- Guest
Re: Herpes. Hah hah hah.
Guest Wed Jul 09, 2008 7:02 am
ENJOY UR HERPES
Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by Herpes simplex viruses; both herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV–1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV–2) cause herpes simplex. Infection with the herpes virus is categorized into one of several distinct disorders based on the site of infection. Oral herpes, the visible symptoms of which are colloquially called cold sores, infects the face and mouth. Oral herpes is the most common form of infection. Infection of the genitals, commonly known as herpes, is the second most common form of herpes. Other disorders such as herpetic whitlow, herpes gladiatorum, ocular herpes (keratitis), cerebral herpes infection encephalitis, Mollaret's meningitis, neonatal herpes, and possibly Bell's palsy are all caused by herpes simplex viruses. Most individual disorders may be caused by HSV–1 or HSV–2, though some disorders have significantly different rates of infection by type. Herpes simplex is not typically life-threatening for immunocompetent people.
Herpes viruses cycle between periods of active disease—presenting as blisters containing infectious virus particles—that last 2–21 days, followed by a remission period, during which the sores disappear. Genital herpes, however, is often asymptomatic, though viral shedding may still occur. After initial infection, the viruses move to sensory nerves, where they reside as life-long, latent viruses. Causes of recurrence are uncertain, though some potential triggers have been identified. Over time episodes of active disease reduce in frequency.
Herpes simplex is most easily transmitted by direct contact with a lesion or the body fluid of an infected individual. Transmission may also occur through skin-to-skin contact during periods of asymptomatic shedding. Barrier protection methods are the most reliable, but not failsafe, method of preventing transmission of herpes. Oral herpes is easily diagnosed if the patient presents with visible sores or ulcers. Early stages of orofacial herpes and genital herpes are harder to diagnose; laboratory testing is usually required. Prevalence of HSV infections varies throughout the world. Poor hygiene, overcrowding, lower Socioeconomic status, and birth in an undeveloped country have been identified as risk factors associated with increased HSV-1 childhood infection. Additional studies have identified other risk factors for both types of HSV.
There is currently no cure for herpes; no vaccine is currently available to prevent or eliminate herpes. Treatments are available to reduce viral reproduction and shedding, prevent the virus from entering the skin, and alleviate the severity of symptomatic episodes.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Disorders
o 1.1 Orofacial infection
o 1.2 Genital infection
o 1.3 Herpes whitlow
o 1.4 Herpes gladiatorum
o 1.5 Ocular herpes
o 1.6 Herpes simplex encephalitis
o 1.7 Neonatal herpes simplex
o 1.8 Viral meningitis
o 1.9 Bell's palsy
o 1.10 Alzheimer's disease
* 2 Recurrence
* 3 Transmission and prevention
* 4 Diagnosis
* 5 Epidemiology
o 5.1 Europe
o 5.2 North America
+ 5.2.1 United States
+ 5.2.2 Canada
o 5.3 Africa
+ 5.3.1 Sub-Saharan Africa
+ 5.3.2 Northern Africa
o 5.4 Central and South America
o 5.5 Asia
+ 5.5.1 Eastern and South East Asia
+ 5.5.2 Southern Asia
+ 5.5.3 Middle East
o 5.6 Oceania
* 6 Treatment
o 6.1 Antiviral medication
o 6.2 Topical treatments
o 6.3 Other drugs
o 6.4 Vaccines
o 6.5 Natural compounds
* 7 Psychological and social effects
* 8 References
* 9 External links
[edit] Disorders
HSV infection causes several distinct medical disorders. Common infection of the skin or mucosa may affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes), genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpes whitlow). More serious disorders occur when the virus infects and damages the eye (herpes keratitis), or invades the central nervous system, damaging the brain (herpes encephalitis). Patients with immature or suppressed immune systems, such as newborn infants, transplant recipients, or AIDS patients are prone to severe complications from HSV infections.
In all cases HSV is never removed from the body by the immune system. Following a primary infection, the virus enters the nerves at the site of primary infection, migrates to the cell body of the neuron, and becomes latent in the trigeminal ganglion.[1] As a result of primary infection, the body produces antibodies to the particular type of HSV involved, preventing a subsequent infection of that type at a different site. In HSV-1 infected individuals, seroconversion after an oral infection will prevent additional HSV-1 infections such as whitlow, genital, and keratits. Prior HSV-1 seroconversion seems to ameliorate the symptoms of a later HSV-2 infection, however HSV-2 can still be contracted. Most indications are that if an HSV-2 infection is contracted prior to HSV-1 seroconversion, that person cannot get an HSV-1 infection later.
[edit] Orofacial infection
Herpesviral vesicular dermatitis
Classification and external resources
Herpes lesion on upper lip and face
ICD-10 B00.1
Orofacial herpes affects the face and mouth. Infection occurs when the virus comes into contact with oral mucosa or abraded skin. Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is the most common cause of orofacial herpes, though cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain are increasing.[2]
Herpes infections are largely asymptomatic; when symptoms appear they will typically resolve within two weeks.[3] The main symptom of oral infection is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (inflammation of the mucosa of the cheek and gums), which occurs within 5–10 days of infection. Other symptoms may also develop, including painful ulcers—sometimes confused with canker sores—fever, and sore throat.[3] Primary HSV infection in adolescents frequently manifests as severe pharyngitis with lesions developing on the cheek and gums. Some individuals develop difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).[3] Primary HSV infections in adults often results in pharyngitis similar to that observed in glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), but gingivostomatitis is less likely.
Recurrent oral infection is more common with HSV-1 infections than with HSV-2. Prodromal symptoms often precede a recurrence. Symptoms typically begin with tingling (itching) and reddening of the skin around the infected site. Eventually, fluid-filled blisters (lesions) form on the lip (labial) tissue and the area between the lip and skin (vermilion border). The recurrent infection is thus often called herpes simplex labialis. Rare reinfections occur inside the mouth (intraoral HSV stomatitis) affecting the gums, alveolar ridge, hard palate, and the back of the tongue, possibly accompanied by herpes labialis.[3][4]
[edit] Genital infection
Anogenital herpesviral infection
Classification and external resources
Genital herpes in a female
ICD-10 A60.
MeSH D006558
Genital herpes in a male
Genital herpes in a male
The typical symptom a primary HSV-1 or HSV-2 genital infection is clusters of inflamed papules and vesicles on the outer surface of the genitals resembling cold sores,[5]. These usually appear 4–7 days after sexual exposure to HSV for the first time.[1] Genital HSV-1 infection reoccurs at rate of about one sixth of that of genital HSV-2. In males, the lesions occur on the shaft of the penis or other parts of the genital region, on the inner thigh, buttocks, or anus. In females, lesions appear on or near the pubis, labia, clitoris, vulva, buttocks or anus.[5] Other common symptoms include pain, itching, and burning. Less frequent, yet still common, symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina, fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), swollen and enlarged lymph nodes and malaise.[1] Women often experience additional symptoms that include painful urination (dysuria) and cervicitis. Herpetic proctitis (inflammation of the anus and rectum) is common for individuals participating in anal intercourse.[1] After 2–3 weeks, existing lesions progress into ulcers and then crust and heal, although lesions on mucosal surfaces may never form crusts.[1]
[edit] Herpes whitlow
Herpes whitlow (herpetic whitlow) is a painful infection that typically affects the fingers or thumbs. Occasionally infection occurs on the toes or on the nail cuticle. Herpes whitlow can be caused by infection by HSV-1 or HSV-2.[6] HSV-1 whitlow is often contracted by health care workers that come in contact with the virus; it is most commonly contracted by dental workers and medical workers exposed to oral secretions.[7][8] It is also often observed in thumb-sucking children with primary HSV-1 oral infection (autoinoculation) prior to seroconversion,[6] and in adults aged 20 to 30 following contact with HSV-2-infected genitals.[9]
Symptoms of herpetic whitlow include swelling, reddening and tenderness of the skin of infected finger. This may be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes. Small, clear vesicles initially form individually, then merge and become cloudy. Associated pain often seems large relative to the physical symptoms. The herpes whitlow lesion usually heals in two to three weeks.[10]
Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by Herpes simplex viruses; both herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV–1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV–2) cause herpes simplex. Infection with the herpes virus is categorized into one of several distinct disorders based on the site of infection. Oral herpes, the visible symptoms of which are colloquially called cold sores, infects the face and mouth. Oral herpes is the most common form of infection. Infection of the genitals, commonly known as herpes, is the second most common form of herpes. Other disorders such as herpetic whitlow, herpes gladiatorum, ocular herpes (keratitis), cerebral herpes infection encephalitis, Mollaret's meningitis, neonatal herpes, and possibly Bell's palsy are all caused by herpes simplex viruses. Most individual disorders may be caused by HSV–1 or HSV–2, though some disorders have significantly different rates of infection by type. Herpes simplex is not typically life-threatening for immunocompetent people.
Herpes viruses cycle between periods of active disease—presenting as blisters containing infectious virus particles—that last 2–21 days, followed by a remission period, during which the sores disappear. Genital herpes, however, is often asymptomatic, though viral shedding may still occur. After initial infection, the viruses move to sensory nerves, where they reside as life-long, latent viruses. Causes of recurrence are uncertain, though some potential triggers have been identified. Over time episodes of active disease reduce in frequency.
Herpes simplex is most easily transmitted by direct contact with a lesion or the body fluid of an infected individual. Transmission may also occur through skin-to-skin contact during periods of asymptomatic shedding. Barrier protection methods are the most reliable, but not failsafe, method of preventing transmission of herpes. Oral herpes is easily diagnosed if the patient presents with visible sores or ulcers. Early stages of orofacial herpes and genital herpes are harder to diagnose; laboratory testing is usually required. Prevalence of HSV infections varies throughout the world. Poor hygiene, overcrowding, lower Socioeconomic status, and birth in an undeveloped country have been identified as risk factors associated with increased HSV-1 childhood infection. Additional studies have identified other risk factors for both types of HSV.
There is currently no cure for herpes; no vaccine is currently available to prevent or eliminate herpes. Treatments are available to reduce viral reproduction and shedding, prevent the virus from entering the skin, and alleviate the severity of symptomatic episodes.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Disorders
o 1.1 Orofacial infection
o 1.2 Genital infection
o 1.3 Herpes whitlow
o 1.4 Herpes gladiatorum
o 1.5 Ocular herpes
o 1.6 Herpes simplex encephalitis
o 1.7 Neonatal herpes simplex
o 1.8 Viral meningitis
o 1.9 Bell's palsy
o 1.10 Alzheimer's disease
* 2 Recurrence
* 3 Transmission and prevention
* 4 Diagnosis
* 5 Epidemiology
o 5.1 Europe
o 5.2 North America
+ 5.2.1 United States
+ 5.2.2 Canada
o 5.3 Africa
+ 5.3.1 Sub-Saharan Africa
+ 5.3.2 Northern Africa
o 5.4 Central and South America
o 5.5 Asia
+ 5.5.1 Eastern and South East Asia
+ 5.5.2 Southern Asia
+ 5.5.3 Middle East
o 5.6 Oceania
* 6 Treatment
o 6.1 Antiviral medication
o 6.2 Topical treatments
o 6.3 Other drugs
o 6.4 Vaccines
o 6.5 Natural compounds
* 7 Psychological and social effects
* 8 References
* 9 External links
[edit] Disorders
HSV infection causes several distinct medical disorders. Common infection of the skin or mucosa may affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes), genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpes whitlow). More serious disorders occur when the virus infects and damages the eye (herpes keratitis), or invades the central nervous system, damaging the brain (herpes encephalitis). Patients with immature or suppressed immune systems, such as newborn infants, transplant recipients, or AIDS patients are prone to severe complications from HSV infections.
In all cases HSV is never removed from the body by the immune system. Following a primary infection, the virus enters the nerves at the site of primary infection, migrates to the cell body of the neuron, and becomes latent in the trigeminal ganglion.[1] As a result of primary infection, the body produces antibodies to the particular type of HSV involved, preventing a subsequent infection of that type at a different site. In HSV-1 infected individuals, seroconversion after an oral infection will prevent additional HSV-1 infections such as whitlow, genital, and keratits. Prior HSV-1 seroconversion seems to ameliorate the symptoms of a later HSV-2 infection, however HSV-2 can still be contracted. Most indications are that if an HSV-2 infection is contracted prior to HSV-1 seroconversion, that person cannot get an HSV-1 infection later.
[edit] Orofacial infection
Herpesviral vesicular dermatitis
Classification and external resources
Herpes lesion on upper lip and face
ICD-10 B00.1
Orofacial herpes affects the face and mouth. Infection occurs when the virus comes into contact with oral mucosa or abraded skin. Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is the most common cause of orofacial herpes, though cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain are increasing.[2]
Herpes infections are largely asymptomatic; when symptoms appear they will typically resolve within two weeks.[3] The main symptom of oral infection is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (inflammation of the mucosa of the cheek and gums), which occurs within 5–10 days of infection. Other symptoms may also develop, including painful ulcers—sometimes confused with canker sores—fever, and sore throat.[3] Primary HSV infection in adolescents frequently manifests as severe pharyngitis with lesions developing on the cheek and gums. Some individuals develop difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).[3] Primary HSV infections in adults often results in pharyngitis similar to that observed in glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), but gingivostomatitis is less likely.
Recurrent oral infection is more common with HSV-1 infections than with HSV-2. Prodromal symptoms often precede a recurrence. Symptoms typically begin with tingling (itching) and reddening of the skin around the infected site. Eventually, fluid-filled blisters (lesions) form on the lip (labial) tissue and the area between the lip and skin (vermilion border). The recurrent infection is thus often called herpes simplex labialis. Rare reinfections occur inside the mouth (intraoral HSV stomatitis) affecting the gums, alveolar ridge, hard palate, and the back of the tongue, possibly accompanied by herpes labialis.[3][4]
[edit] Genital infection
Anogenital herpesviral infection
Classification and external resources
Genital herpes in a female
ICD-10 A60.
MeSH D006558
Genital herpes in a male
Genital herpes in a male
The typical symptom a primary HSV-1 or HSV-2 genital infection is clusters of inflamed papules and vesicles on the outer surface of the genitals resembling cold sores,[5]. These usually appear 4–7 days after sexual exposure to HSV for the first time.[1] Genital HSV-1 infection reoccurs at rate of about one sixth of that of genital HSV-2. In males, the lesions occur on the shaft of the penis or other parts of the genital region, on the inner thigh, buttocks, or anus. In females, lesions appear on or near the pubis, labia, clitoris, vulva, buttocks or anus.[5] Other common symptoms include pain, itching, and burning. Less frequent, yet still common, symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina, fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), swollen and enlarged lymph nodes and malaise.[1] Women often experience additional symptoms that include painful urination (dysuria) and cervicitis. Herpetic proctitis (inflammation of the anus and rectum) is common for individuals participating in anal intercourse.[1] After 2–3 weeks, existing lesions progress into ulcers and then crust and heal, although lesions on mucosal surfaces may never form crusts.[1]
[edit] Herpes whitlow
Herpes whitlow (herpetic whitlow) is a painful infection that typically affects the fingers or thumbs. Occasionally infection occurs on the toes or on the nail cuticle. Herpes whitlow can be caused by infection by HSV-1 or HSV-2.[6] HSV-1 whitlow is often contracted by health care workers that come in contact with the virus; it is most commonly contracted by dental workers and medical workers exposed to oral secretions.[7][8] It is also often observed in thumb-sucking children with primary HSV-1 oral infection (autoinoculation) prior to seroconversion,[6] and in adults aged 20 to 30 following contact with HSV-2-infected genitals.[9]
Symptoms of herpetic whitlow include swelling, reddening and tenderness of the skin of infected finger. This may be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes. Small, clear vesicles initially form individually, then merge and become cloudy. Associated pain often seems large relative to the physical symptoms. The herpes whitlow lesion usually heals in two to three weeks.[10]
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